ECW Week of October 1/2

WHAT TO SUBMIT:

1. JOURNAL (this time free topic, but must be in the form of paragraph)
2. FIRST DRAFT OF THE FIRST JOURNAL

The first draf of your your irst assignment is due the week of october 8/9.
The choice of topics:

1. Descriptive paragraphs
a) person OR
b) place

2. Process paragraph

Regardless of what you choose to write about, your paragraph must have at least 250 words (approximately 1 or 1,5 pages, typed, double-spaced). It also must have the introductory, supporting and concluding sentences. Do not forget the appropriate title.

More guidance:

Descriptive paragraph - Person

You have to describe the person's appearance, character and why is this person important/fascinating or interesting to you. You can choose someone you know in your own life (a family member, friend, partner, teacher, etc.) or someone famous from either past or present.
When you say that someone is "most generous" or "easygoing" you have to support your claim. Example:

"Mary is the most generous person that I know. Each week, she volunteers for three hours, serving meals to hungry people. In addition, she tends the garden of her elderly neighbour who is unable to take care of it anymore. "
OR
" My friend John is an easygoing guy. One day, my dog bit John, hard, on his leg and tore his pants. He said not to worry about it. Actually, he said it was his fault because he had disturbed the dog. "

Descriptive paragraph - Place

You have to say what this place is or where it is; you have to describe the appearance of this place (how big/small, dark/bright, etc.) it is. What is the atmosphere there - how you feel there.
Why is this place important to you - in other words, why you chose to write about it.

Process Paragraph:

Process Paragraphs basically tell the reader 'how to make.../ how to use.../ how to fix..../how to do.../ etc.
- Are usually organized chronologically (by time order).
- Follow a logical order (first things first!).
- Give all the necessary steps.

Transitions for Process Writing:

To write a good process paragraph, good use of transitional expressions is necessary.
Some common transitions useful for process writing: first, next, then, firstly, secondly, finally, after that, . . . Also, consult your textbook.

SAMPLE OF PROCESS PARAGRAPH:

A Perfect Turkey Made Easy

To make a delicious turkey requires following some simple steps. The first step takes place two weeks before: order a fresh six kilogram turkey from a local butcher. The day before Thanksgiving pick it up. A turkey has to be filled with "stuffing," a mix of bread, vegetables, and spices. The preparation of stuffing starts the day before: a large loaf of bread is torn up into pieces then left in a bowl overnight to become stale. About two hours before the turkey is to go in the oven, take out the neck, kidneys and heart and boil them in water. In a wok, in the meantime, fry celery and onions in oil, spiced with special poultry seasonings. To this, add fresh cut up apples, and whole hazelnuts, too. When the mixture is ready, add the stale bread and the water from the innards. While waiting for the mixture to cool, the oven is turned on to 350 degrees, then the turkey is washed in cold water, dried with paper towels, and placed in a large pan for roasting. Then, stuff the stuffing into the bird, lightly salt and pepper the skin, and cover it all with thick aluminum foil and place in the oven for about three hours. Every 20 minutes, baste it with the pan juices. For the final half-hour, take off the foil to ensure a lovely brown and crispy skin. Finally, remove the bird from the oven about 15 minutes before carving. All that is left now is to heartily eat the sumptuous repast.

SOME COMMON MISTAKES CAUGHT IN YOUR THIRD JOURNAL.
PLEASE, CORRECT THEM:
1. Korea is a country which is small. (odd sentence structure )
Korea is a very small country.
2. Travel agents in Korea is many. (plural, sentence structure)
There are many travel agents in Korea.
3. Korea located in the north-east of Asia. (verb form)
Korea is located....
4. The past of Korea is rich (odd adjective use)
Korean history is rich.
5. The part that I will explain is South Korea (odd style, wrong word)
I will talk about South Korea.
6. Style of architecture is great (odd phrase)
Architectural style is great.
7. We have been habituated to spicy taste (wrong word)
We have been accustomed/ used to ...
8. Kimchi is a fermentation food (wrong word form)
Kimchi is fermented food
9. You should memorize many vocabularies AND The sceneries are beautiful (wrong word form) You should memorize a lot of vocabulary...
The scenery is beautiful. (these two nouns don't have the plural form)
10. It was the most impressed scenery. (word form).
It was the most impressive scenery.
11. Foreigners are impressive by Korea (word form).
Foreigners are impressed by Korea.
12. Korea has kindly people (word form)
Korea has kind people.
13. When you think of Asia, what do you come across your mind (wrong use of an idiom)
.... what comes to your mind OR what crosses your mind.
14. Here is the Korea, the most beautiful country. (article)
Here is Korea, ....
15. Maybe you will be wonderful by the sight in Korea. (wrong word, wrong verb)
Maybe you will be amazed/fascinated by the sight of Korea
16. Maybe you will be understand the culture of Korea (verb form)
.... you will understand...
17. Korea has four seasons clearly. (wrong word form, wrong word)
Korea has four distinct seasons.
18. I usually go to there in the morning (wrong use of preposition)
I usually go there....
19. There are have many shops in Seoul (verb form)
There are many shops ....
20. If you go to Kyeongju, you can know about the history of Korea. (wrong word)
.... you can learn about....
21. Tripping Seoul is enjoyable (wrong word)
Touring Seoul OR Sightseeing in Seoul
22. Have a fun in Korea.
Have fun in Korea

Please, remember: Korea IS NOT the only country in the world that has four seasons. All the countries on the same latititude have four seasons. Korea does have distinct and beautiful four seasons (except the rainy summer), but so do many other European, Asian, American countries. My home town Toronto has four seasons. Yes, the spring is a bit short, but it gets all the blossoms and greens, same as here; the winter is a bit long but blessed with clear blue skies and lots of sunshine; the summer is hot, the autumn absolutely gorgeous. Saying that "Korea is the only country with four seasons, or that four seasons in Korea are the most special in the world" is simply not true. Foreigners are always surprised when they hear this from Koreans, and it sounds very arogant and unfortunately ignorant. Korea is fascinating, great and unique in many regards, but in this - the four seasons - it is not. It is a simple geographical fact.
Also, the Korean Alphabet, Hangeul, surely deserving all the praise that it gets for its originality, elegance and simplicity, is not the only phonetic alphabet in the world (in which one sign represents one sound.) Many Slavic language use either the Roman alphabet (the one used in English) or the Cyrillic Alphabet where one sign represents one sound. For example, in English "c" could stand for either "es" (center), or "k" (care). However, in the languages I mentioned, c is always prononunced as "tz", "k" as "k', etc. So, center is pronounced as "tzenter", while coca cola as koka kola. Just thought you should know about these things before any false claims are made.
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"The Early Bird Catches the Worm" (paragraph development with explanation)

My grandmother, who was a very diligent woman, used to tell me: “The early bird catches the worm, ” to teach me the importance of starting to do something or be somewhere on time. Originally, this proverb refers to the natural world: a bird that wakes up early will have fewer birds to compete with, and there will be plenty of worms coming out to enjoy the daylight to catch. However, if you wait, there will be other birds to compete against and not so many worms to catch. In your life as a student, for example, if you need a spot to study in the library, you will increase your chances of getting it if you come there early, before others. The proverb ultimately teaches to act before others and increase your chances of success.



Describing people - find useful vocabulary following the link below:

http://www.anglictina-online.cz/download/Hit12.pdf

1ST ASSIGNMENT RUBRIC:

Grades for each category range from 1 (Very poor) to 5 Very good

Category

1. Introductory sentence clearly indicates the topic of the paragraph

2. Concluding sentence clearly sums up the paragraph and/or restates the main idea

3. Paragraph developed with enough supporting details, explanations, or examples

4. Language accuracy: the quality of grammar, punctuation, and capitalization

5. Syntax: the use of a variety of sentences (simple, compound, complex)

6. Vocabulary: the use of varied and complex vocabulary

Total: 30

Early Bird, Week of Oct. 1/2

Hello! Welcome to the Early Bird Advanced Conversation Class.
I hope that you will prove yourself to be early birds and actually come to class regularly.

For this class you will need the following textbook:

1. Discussion Strategies, Beyond Everyday Conversations. By David Kehe and Peggy Dusting Kehe.
2. Notebook for taking notes.

GETTING TO KNOW YOU ACTIVITY
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1. Come up and write down three questions for your partner regarding the following areas in their lives:


1. Family
2. High School
3. University Life
4. Sports (to do and to watch)
5. Free time ( hobbies, interests)
6. Travel
7. English Learning
8. Goals for the future

2. Ask your partner questions and write down his/her answer. For each question, have a follow up question.
E.g.

Student A: What is/are your major(s)?
Student B: My major is computer science.
Student A: Do you enjoy studying it?
Student B: Yes, it’s hard, but I like it.

3. Prepare a short introduction of your partner choosing one piece of information about him/her from each of the 8 categories:
E.g.

1. This is Yong-ah. She lives with her parents and younger brother. She didn’t like high school because she had to study a lot. 3. She thinks her major, Fashion Design, is very interesting. 4. She doesn’t like any sports. 5. In her free time she likes to read fashion magazines. 6. She hasn’t traveled a lot outside of Korea, but she visited Geumgangsan in North Korea. 7. She studies English because she would like to continue studying fashion design in London. 8. Her goal for the future is to become a famous fashion designer.

PRES. Wekk of Sept. 19.

FOR HOMEWORK ( or WHAT TO SUBMIT AFTER HOLIDAYS) PLESE LOOK AT THE BOTTOM OF TODAY'S POST.

Demonstration Speech:

FOLLOW THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF ANY SPEECH.

Make a logical presentation, easy to follow. First things first.
Use transitional words.
Make sure that your audience is following.
Use humour.
Engage the audience (ask them to help, perhaps)



Demonstrative Speech Example
How to make “Apple-Yogurt Light Delight,” by B. Turalija


Introduction: something about the ‘product.’ Examples: background, why you like it, why is it good, why you think your audience should learn about it.
Attention Grabber: “An apple a day take doctor away” [proverb] and “Drink your milk” [milk ad slogan]. Everyone in the Western world know these. Both apples and milk, the low-fat version, are high in nutritional value and low in calories. If you care about nutrition but don’t want to eat something that tastes terrible, this recipe is perfect for you: it super healthy and delicious. The added benefit: you make it in a jiffy – perfect for a busy student. You do your body and your mind a huge favour by eating this little delight a few times a week.
(Enough of empty talk, let’s get busy here – transition)
First, you’ll learn about the simple kitchen equipment you need; second, about the few ingredients you need; third, I’ll show you how to make it;finally, I’ll show you how you can serve it in an attractive way.

Body:
Equipment needed
Ingredients
Procedure
Ways of serving

Equipment: a mixing bowl, knife for peeling and chopping apples, spoon for stirring yogurt and mixing it with chopped apples. Cutting board, optional.
Attractive serving bowls/glasses.

Ingredients (for 8 people): 2-3 containers of yogurt (about 150-200 g total), 4 apples of any kind, washed, peeled, and chopped; Optional for toppings: mueslix, corn flakes, chocolate or vanilla powder, chopped nuts, and the like.

Procedure: wash the apples, peel them, cut them in fours, core them, and chop them. Put them into the mixing bowl. Open yogurt containers, stir the yogurt and pour over the apples. Mix lightly. Leave in the fridge for a couple of hours to chill.

Ways of serving: you can simply spoon out one serving of the Apple-Yogurt Light Delight into an attractive bowl of glass. As an option you can top it with whatever topping you like.

Conclusion: This easy to make recipe is perfect for people who care about what they put into their body but still love tasty food. You will get many vitamins and minerals in a simple serving of the Apple Yogurt Light Delight, regardless when and how you eat it, as a dessert after your main course, as a late afternoon (or even late night) snack, or even as breakfast. Instead of apples you can use strawberries, blueberries, peaches, pears – any juicy tasty fruit would do. Remember: good nutrition is essential because only a healthy body can contain a healthy mind!
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Helpful transition words:

Let's start by looking at the equipment you'll need to make this recipe....

Now that you know what equipment you need, I want to show you the ingredients....

So, now, let's move onto the most imortant thing: actually making this....

When you are making this on your own, follow your own tastebuds. Use other ingredients....
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HOMEWORK (OR WHAT TO SUBMIT AFTER HOLIDAYS)

1. A draft of your demonstrative speech that should be about 5-7 minutes long. Choose your topic wisely. You cannot go over your time limit - your grade will suffer.

2. Read, understand (check the new vocabulary!) and answer questions in Issue 35 (Prejudice); Also, read Issue 37 (Optimism and Pessimism)

ECW. WEEK OF SEPT. 17, 18

HOMEWORK, HOMEWORK , HOMEWORK, HOMEWORK

The class after Chuseok, please submit:

1. Journal is to be be about Chusseok. Write a paragraph about Chusseok. What about Chusseok to write is your decision, but it has to be a proper paragraph with an introductory sentence, supporting sentences, and a concluding sentence.

2. Finish Unit 3.

Do the following:

Page 17, Activity 2

Page 18, Activity 3, 4, 5

Page 19, Activity 6, 8, 9 BUT NOT 7!!!

Page 20 Activity 9 (continued from page 19)

Don't do "Peer Editing" on Page 21 - we will talk about this in class.

This week:
1. we looked at some of the common mistakes in your journals. Together, we corrected 22 incorrect sentences. You did a good job - thank you! I hope you learned something, at least the difference between a promise, date, appointment, and meeting (wink, wink, wink).
2. we covered and practiced the basics of capitalization
3. we talked about the proper form of a paragraph. In the future, please do not forget to write your name, student number, course name (ECW II Day/or Night), journal number, date and title. Also, do not forget to write double-spaced. Your journals may be handwritten, if you wish, but then your handwriting has to be clear and you have to write one full page, doublespaced, on lined paper.

If you missed any handouts ( there were 3 today, please send me an email and ask me to bring them to you to class, or drop by my office)

HAVE A GREAT HOLIDAY!

IEC: Week of Sept. 17/18. Unit 16

HOMEWORK HOMEWORK HOMEWORK HOMEWORK FOR THE WEEK AFTER CHUSSEOK WEEK OF OCTOBER 1st AND 2nd

1. All of workbook Unit 16
2. To submit: 10-15 (or more, if you need) sentences describing your favourite commercial on TV. Write what products is advertised, who is the target audience, what happens in the commercial, and what is the message of the commercial.
SCRIPT:

World View, Unit 16 “THE MESSAE BEHIND THE AD”

I = Interviewer
J= Joanna

I: For tonight’s news spotlight , we’re talking to advertising executive Joanna Lindsey about television ads. Good evening, Joanna. Thank you for joining us tonight.

J: Good evening, Jim. It's a pleasure to be here.

I: So, Joanna. When you are creating an ad, where do you start?

J: Well, first we think abou the group of people who might want this product. Are they men or women, young or old, how much oney do they have?

I: Can you give me an example?

J: Sure. In an ad for an expensive car, for example, we often use young, good -looking men or women who look like they have a lot of money. The message is: "If you're young and successful, this is the car for you."

I: And, in the ad, it's usually the man who drives the car, isn't it?

J: That's often true... but not always.

I: And usually the man has a good-looking female next to him. So, isn't the message really: "If you buy this car, you'll meet a beautiful woman?"

J: Not necessarily. Our point is: "If you try our product, you won't regret it." And we don't always use young attractive products to sell things. For example, if the product is sunscreen, we'll probably use a family. Parents worry abou their children, so the message here is: " Your kids won't get sunburned if you use this sunscreen."

I: O.k. families for sunscreen, but what about shampoo?

J: Well, yes, often the message is that you'll meet the man or woman of your dreams if your hair is soft and shiny. Will that really happen just because you use a certain shampoo? No, of course not. The messages in ads are usually exaggerated. And you know, sometimes we use humour to get the message across. People will remember an ad if it's funny. Thank you.
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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

In conditional sentences, we speak hypothetically.

We talk about what would happen as a consequence (or result) of some hypothetical condition.Therefore, every conditional sentence has two parts: the CONDITION and the CONSEQUENCE.

There are three different kinds of conditional sentences.

The first two kinds (we call them "conditional one" and "conditional two") deal with the future or the present.The difference between the two is based upon probability.

The last kind ("conditional three") deals only with the past.

CONDITIONAL ONE (chances of something happening now or in the future are good)

Examples:
If he sells his boat (in the future), he'll take you out to dinner.
If it's snowing (right now), I'll drive you home.
If I am wrong about this (in general), I'll buy you a beer.

CONDITIONAL TWO (chances of something happening now or in the future are not good)

If he sold his boat, he would take you out to dinner.
If it were snowing now, I would drive you home.
If I were wrong about this, I would buy you a beer.
If he were a rich man, he would buy you diamonds.
If he changed his hairstyle, he would be handsome.

CONDITIONAL THREE
A hypothetical situation in the past that could have happened but in reality didn't.

If he had sold his boat, he would have taken you out to dinner.
If it had been snowing, he would have driven you home.
If I had been wrong about this, I would have bought you a beer.
If he had changed his hairstyle, he would've been more handsome.
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HOMEWORK HOMEWORK HOMEWORK HOMEWORK FOR THE WEEK AFTER CHUSSEOK WEEK OF OCTOBER 1st AND 2nd.
1. All of workbook Unit 16
2. To submit: 10-15 (or more, if you need) sentences describing your favourite commercial on TV. Write what products is advertised, who is the target audience, what happens in the commercial, and what is the message of the commercial.

ECW, Week of Sept. 11/12

This week's topics:
Punctuation Rules (refer to your handouts given in class).
If you don't have a handout, please ask me for it.
Writing process (pre-writing, writing, editing)
Paragraph Structure (introductory sentence, supporting sentences, concluding sentence - refer to Units 1 and 2 in your books)

Paragraph Example:
Title: Seoul, a Great City

First: brainstorm either by making a mind map, list or by free writing.
I include here a list of my thoughts on Seoul:

MODERN AND TRADITIONAL
Architecture (building 64, Millenium Tower, Olympic Stadium)
Traditional Palaces and Villages
LOTS OF GREEN SPACES
Mountains (Bukhan, Gwanak, Buram, etc.), river banks, Chonggyechon, Namsan, Naksan, many small parks, Olympic Park,
GREAT EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES
Many universities, private schools, music schools, colleges, etc.
COSMPOLITAN FLAVOUR
About 10,000 foreigners; international shopping, food, etc.
GREAT ENTERTAINMENT/CULTURE
Concerts, Exhibitions, Theater, Musicals, festivals,
GREAT NIGHT LIFE
Clubbing, fine dining, wine tasting, going ‘traditional’
GREAT TRANSPORTATION
Safe, clean well-organized subway; buses (blue, red, green), cable car, boat,
Two airports

Second Step: I organize my thoughts from the list/decide what I want to write about.
I chose to write about 1. great transportation, great night life and lots of green spaces. To write about more would be too much in a paragraph.

So, here's my paragraph on Seoul, a Great City. The introductory sentence is in red ink; supporting sentences in black, and the concluding sentence in blue.


[introductory sentence] I live in Seuol, the hub of Asia, a truly great city which has so much to offer: [1.]excellent public transport, [2] lots of green areas for walking and relaxing, and [3] an awesome night life. [1]No matter where you want to go in Seoul, you can do it easily by subway cars or buses that run very frequently. They are clean and safe. [2] Since Seoul is a big, densely populated city, citizens like to relax in green areas dispersed all over the city. There are many beautifully tended parks, opportunities to walk or bike by the river, or climb mountains. [3] Ways to have fun at night in Seoul are endless. You may choose between clubbing in Hongdae, dining in fine international restaurants in Itaewon or Apgujeong, or you can simply walk the lively streets of Seoul and have the ‘pojang macha’/food tent experience complete with cheap yet tasty traditional morsels washed down with soju. [concluding sentence] No doubt, Seoul is a great spot for anyone who likes to get from one place to another quickly and safely, for anyone who likes to relax surrounded by trees and flowers, and for anyone who enjoys going out at night.

HOMEWORK:

1. Following the "Seoul" paragraph example, as well the example paragraph on Indonesia in your textbooks, write a 1/2 page to 2/3 of a page paragraph entitled: Korea, a Beautiful Country.
This is instead of your journal, so DO NOT write a journal this week, just a paragraph about Korea.
Follow all the necessary steps: pre-writing which will include brainstorming (all ideas that come to mind about Korea as a beautiful land - what does it have to make it beautiful?), organizing of your ideas (choose three things to write about); write; edit by reviewing and revising (see where you can add more information, where you can omit something; rewrite; check for spelling and other mistakes; have the final completely corrected copy ready for submission.

2. Finish the 'comma handout' and bring it to class.

PRES. Week of Sept. 12

In this post you will find:
1. Expressions used in natural conversation
2. Public speech: basic structurs
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1. A natural conversation has:

rejoinders
follow up questions
comprehension checks
clarification requests

Example:

Angelina: I love you, Brad.

Brad: Oh, my goodness (rejoinder). What are we going to do now? I am married already, to Jennifer.

Angelina: That’s too bad (rejoinder). You will just have to divorce her!

Brad: What?! (rejoinder)What did you say I'd have to do? Enforce her? (clarification request)

Angelina: Oh, my god! (rejoinder). No, I said DIVORCE HER! Do you understand now what I’m saying? (comprehension check).

Brad: No way! (rejoinder). She’ll walk away with all my money.

Angelina: Why will that happen? Don’t you two have a prenup signed? (follow up questions).

Brad: No, we don’t.

Angelina: Oh, geez! How stupid of you.

REJOINDERS:

That’s too bad! Oh, my goodness! Terrible! Really?! What the heck! Oh, dear! Oh, no! You poor thing! No way! Oh, my god!
Great! Fabulous! Wonderful! Congratulations! What a surprise!
Excellent! No kiddin'!

ANOTHER EXAMPLE:

A NATURAL CONVERSATION
(with rejoinders, follow-up questions and clarification requests)

Person A. The Korean baseball team is doing great right now. (statement)
Person B. Yeah, amazing, isn’t it? (rejoinder). Have you been following all the games? (follow up question).
Person A. No, unfortunately not. I don’t have a @#$@%^&*.
Person B. Excuse me, what did you say you don’t have? (clarification request)
Person A. I said I don’t have a TV set.
Person B. Oh, that’s too bad (rejoinder). Would you like to come over to my house and watch some games? (follow up question.)
Person A. Oh, really? (rejoinder). That’d be great. I can bring some snacks and xxxxxxx xxx...
Person B. Pardon? You can bring some snacks and some pillows? Is that what you said? (clarification request).
Person A. No, silly. Not pillows, beer. What’s wrong with you ears today, anyway? (follow up question)
Person B. Tears? What tears? (clarification request). I don’t understand….
Person A. Oh, for crying out loud! (rejoinder) I said “what’s wrong with your ears.” You don’t seem to understand me at all.
Person B. Oh, sorry, man. (rejoinder) I went swimming yesterday and now I have water in both of my ears. I can barely hear anything.
Person A. Are you serious? (rejoinder). Why don’t you go and see a doctor? (follow up question). You may get a serious infection.
Person B. Injection? No way. I hate needles.
Person A. Oh, lord. You’re deaf, indeed. I said: INFECTION!!!! not injection.
Person B. Oh, I got it, infection. Of course, you’re right. (rejoinder). I’ll go to see a doctor tomorrow; it’s a promise.
Person B. Good, the sooner the better, or you’ll drive me crazy. (rejoinder) Do you want me to go with you? (follow up question) etc.
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2. Public Speech: Structure

A speech must have 3 parts: the introduction, the body and the conclusion.
The principle rules of presenting: tell your audience what you are going to tell them (introduction), give your speech (body) , summarize what you have told your audience (conclusion).
All presentation have to be brief, concise, direct and to the point. The structure should be sufficiently simple and clear so that the message is clearly remembered.

The following is the basic structure of any public speech/presentation:

START: Introduction

Welcome the audience
Grab audience’s attention (with a ‘hook’*)
Explain presentation structure
Explain rules for questioning

MIDDLE: Deliver your message

END: Conclusion

Summarize the highlights
Thank the audience
Invite questions

* A hook is an opening statement that is related to your topic. Its purpose is to grab audience’s attention before your introduce your subject. Three major types of hooks are: questions to the audience, provocative facts or statistics, ‘think back’ requests. E.g. if your topic is plastic surgery, you may choose the following hooks: (question) Is there anyone in this audience who’s truly happy with the way they look, who thinks “Oh, thank you god, for making me so gorgeous?; (provocative fact): Statistics show that 80% of surveyed people would consider having one or more plastics surgeries. 80%! Wow!; (think back): I think that many of you can remember that awful time in high school when you were teased for your hooked nose, or small eyes, or fat thighs? Wouldn’t you have done just about anything to change yourself? Now, most of our ugly parts can be beautified by plastic surgery.” Other great hooks you can use: a summary of a newspaper article, related riddles, proverbs, myths and stories, personal experiences, etc.

ECW. Week of Sept. 3/4

You will find in this entry:

A handout regarding Sentences in English.
A sample of good and bad journal writing

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SIMPLE, COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCES

What is a sentence? A sentence is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought. It begins with a capital letter and ends in a period, exclamation or interrogation marks.

The following are sentences: He is a student. / Speed kills./ It’s hot today./ He looks tired./ Who’s there?/Are you hungry?

The following are not sentences: Hot weather (no verb)/ The man bought (no complete thought: what did he buy?)/ Because it rained. (no complete thought)/ Is very handsome (no subject)/Every morning before breakfast (no subject, no verb).


There are four types of sentences:

Simple Sentence has one independent clause. She married him.
Possible combinations: SV, SSV, SVV, SSVV

Compound Sentence, 2 independent clauses linked by a coma or coordinating conjunctions She married and they lived happily ever after.

Complex Sentence: a combination of ind. and dep. clauses. A comma is necessary if the dependent clause comes first:
She later divorced him because he was cheating on her.
Because he was cheating on her, she later divorced him.

Simple Sentences can be very short or very long. To extend a sentence (make it longer) you can add. E.g. the simple sentence: Dave sings, you can extend in the following ways:

Direct object: Dave sings a song.
Indirect Object. Dave sings to his wife.
Prepositional phrases (starting with in, on, at…) Dave sings in the church.
Adjectives: Tall Dave sings.
Adverbs: Dave sings beautifully.
Dependent clauses: Dave sings when he is in a good mood.
Relative clause: Dave, who is a member of the church choir, sings.
Additional subject: Dave and his wife sing.
Additional verbs: Dave sings and dances.
Additional sentences: Dave sings, but his wife doesn’t like it.

Look at this sentence: Dave, who is a member of the church choir, sings a song in the church to his wife, beautifully, but she doesn’t like it. We have 3 verbs and 2 subject but this whole sentence is one Complex sentence.

SENTENCE COMBINING

Independent clauses are combined with other independent or dependent clauses with conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions link two independent clauses, e.g. Dave sings and he dances. Subordinating conjunctions link dependent clauses, e.g. Dave sings because he is in a good mood.

Most frequent coordinating conjunctions are: and, but, so, or.

Here’s the list of most frequent subordinating conjunctions: if, as, since, unless, despite, so that, when, after, before, during, even if, although (even though), where, whatever, until, because, while, whereas, though, who, whom, whoever, whenever.
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PRACTICE: INDEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT CLAUSES

A) Write IC (independent clause) or DC (dependent clause) beside each group of words then circle the subordinating conjunction if a clause is dependent.
E.g. While the class was taking a test.( DC)

1. I take a walk around the block.
2. Before I go to walk.
3. This exercise wakes up my body and clears my mind. 4. It’s hard to do this in the winter.
5. Because it is still dark when I go to work.
6. Although I try to get up early even on weekend.
7. I sometimes sleep late on Saturday.
8. When it’s raining, of course.
9. I never go out.
10. I become moody and depressed.
11. If I don’t exercise for several days.

B. Now, write complex sentences by combining independent clauses with dependent clauses as follows:
1 and 2; 4 and 5; 6 and 7; 8 and 9; 10 and 11.
HOMEWORK:

1. 2nd Journal

2. Write your own examples of sentences using in each different conjunctions. Make sure that at least 5 sentences are complex sentences. E.g. If it snows a lot tomorrow, I might go skiing.

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ABOUT JOURNAL WRITING

What not to write about – simply because it is boring.

On Monday morning I woke up at 6:00 a.m.. I had a cup of coffee and then I went for a jog in the Naksan Park. It was cold, so I couldn’t stay there for a long time. I came back home and made breakfast. I made scrambled eggs with toast. From 8 to 9 I was cleaning my house: washing the dishes, vacuuming and dusting. At 9 I had a shower and then got dressed. At 9:30 I went to the photocopy room to make some photocopies. There were two professors already doing the same thing, so I had to wait for a long time. I went to the teachers’ lounge and checked my email. I got an email from my brother with lots of pictures of my family who gathered for my nephew’s birthday party. . I was happy to see that my father still very healthy and handsome. My sister-in-law baked an enormous cake in the shape of a race care. I felt sad that I couldn’t be there. I taught all day long. At 7:00pm I came home and made some chicken soup for dinner. I read a little from my book but went to bed really early. I didn’t have any dreams.

What to write: about one even that is special, that stands out among all the others

Last Saturday I had a Christmas tree decorating party at my house. This party is becoming a tradition for me since this was the third time I had such an event. I usually cook a big pot of some simple but hearty soup or stew, make some mulled wine and eggnog and invite my closest friends to help me with the tree. The night before the party I did all the shopping and cooked a big pot of chilli. I also took out the tree ornaments. On the day of the party, the guests started arriving around 7:00 pm. There were 8 of us: my best friend Clare, my German friend Andrea, my American friend Chris, and my Korean friends Seok-jeong, So-hee and Ju-yoeng. First we ate the chilli. Then together we prepared mulled wine and eggnog which we drank with some rich Christmas cake. Finally, we decorated the tree and arranged Christmas lights all over my apartment. It took us about an hour, but the final product was beautiful. I swear, my house looks nicer and more festive than the Galleria Department Store in Apgujeong.