ECW: Sept. 25th

Hansung University ECW Students working dilligently on their partner project: "My wonderful partner in 2016."
I. Independent Sentences. Conjunctions: AND, BUT, SO

It’s a combination of two or more sentences in which each fragment expresses a complete thought.
)Mike can sing.
B) Mike can dance.
A + B = Mike can sing, and he can dance.

A) Mike is sick.
B) He didn’t go to school
A + B = Mike is sick, so he didn’t go to school.

A) Mike is sick.
B) He went to school.
A+B= Mike is sick, but he went to school.

Usually, it is considered bad style to start a new sentence with AND, BUT and SO.

AND: Instead of and, use: in addition, furthermore, also
Mike can sing. And he can dance. (wrong)
Mike can sing. In addition/furthermore/also, he can dance.
BUT: Instead of but, use: however/nevertheless/on the other hand
SO: Instead of so, use: therefore/as a result


II. Dependent Clauses

Dependent clause is dependant on the main clause. Look at this example:
When I was young. This is not a sentence - where is the complete thought?
When I was young.... (what?) = When I was young I could run fast.

II. Dependent Clauses begin. Conjunctions:

if when where as after whatever

since before until unless during because

despite even if while so that although whereas

who wherever though whom whenever

Make your own examples with the above conjunctions. E.g.

If it rains, we will not go on a picnic.
I will love you until the day I die.
Wherever I go, I take with me a packge of kimchi.


Which one is or which ones are complete sentences?

1. The man down the street

2. Has written 15 books in the last ten years.

3. People who smoke shouldn’t

4. Koreans are friendly people

5. Birds fly.
Solution: 1.no/2. no/3. no/4. no (there is no period [.] at the end)/5.yes

Some of the statements below are sentence, some are not. Change the ones you think are not complete to make correct sentences.

1. ping pong and badminton are popular in Korea
2. Two people in love, holding each other’s hands.
3. A recent study by scientist has found
4. Racing down the mountain to his certain death!
5. My neighbor speaks Chinese.
6. The one thing in the world that makes me happiest.

Solution:
1. Ping pong and badminton are popular in Korea.
2. Two people in love, holding each other’s hands, are my sister and her boyfriend.
3. A recent study by scientist has found that red wine is healthy.
4. He ws racing down the mountain to his certain death.
5. My neighbor speaks Chinese. (ok)
6. The one thing in the world that makes me happiest is good red wine.
Every sentence must have a subject (who, what), and a verb (action, state). In addition, every sentence must express a complete thought. If a sentence lacks a subject or a verb, or is not a complete thought, it is known as a sentence fragment.

Examples:
1. No Subject fragments:

Fragment: Failed her English writing class. (who?)
Sentence: The students who didn’t study failed their English writing class.

2. No Verb Fragments
Fr: John Smith and his sister Jane Smith. (what do they do)
Sentence: John Smith and his sister Jane Smith watch TV.

3. Dependent Clause Fragments

Fr: Whenever I feel like crying. (what happens?/what do I do)
Sent: Whenever I feel like crying, I eat chocolate.

Dependent Clause

It has a subject and a verb, but does not express a complete thought.

Dependent Clauses come in combination with the Main Clause, which can stand alone.
I eat chocolate. (complete thought)
Whenever I feel like crying…. (what happens then?) I eat chocolate.
(dependent - does not mean anything alone) (independent)
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An example of a poorly organized paragraph:

Nowadays, I am very tired. I must look for work, but I don’t want to do anything. I can’t sleep a lot because I have many assignments. And I am writing many resumes. I spent many hours in the library working on my assignments. It is hard to me. One company wants and introduction of 200 words, the other wants with 2000 words. It is so hard to me. I can’t write one and use it many times. And the assignments are too long. My family cheers me up. I don’t get allowance from my family, so I have to work almost every day. My boss is angry. I am very tired. This semester is so hard to me. My girlfriend is angry because I am not polite to her. She wants expensive but I have not money. I am sorry but she must leave me. Oh, it is so hard nowadays.

What is the point of this paragraph?
a) the person is tired
b) the person must write resumes
c) the person’s girlfriend is going to leave him
d) the person’s family is supportive
e) the person’s family doesn’t give him any money
f) the person’s life is hard
g) the person doesn’t know how to write a paragraph
h) the person has been abducted by aliens and is speaking in a weird language that is not English

(Obviously: a. the person is tired, but it is so poorly organized, that you may as well choose g. or h. and you’d be correct)

Let’s look at the paragraph with the same topic but much better organized:


These days (lately, recently), I have been very tired. (TOPIC SENTENCE) There are many things that make me tired and my life difficult. (FIRST SUPPORTING ARGUMENT) First, I am a university student and I have many assignments to complete. Because they are difficult and long, I spend many hours at the library completing them. I have no time to sleep which makes me even more tired. (SECOND SUPPORTING ARGUMENT) Second, I’m also looking for a job. I’ve been writing resumes and cover letters which is not easy for me. All companies want something different in the resume. Some want 200-word cover letters, others want 2000-word cover letters. I can’t write one and reuse it. It takes me a lot of time and effort. (THIRD SUPORTING ARGUMENT) Third, my family doesn’t give me any allowance, so I need to work part-time. My boss is a slave driver and he is always angry. I have to work extra hard to keep my job. (LAST SUPPORTING ARGUMENT) In addition, as if things were not bad enough, my girlfriend isvery unhappy with me. She demands expensive gifts that I cannot afford right now. I am afraid she will leave me. (CONCLUSION SENTENCE) My family tries to cheer me up, but for all the reasons I stated above, I can’t help being very tired and feeling that lately life has been more than I can handle (difficult for me).

Now, what is the point of this paragraph?
The person is tired and all the reasons why.
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About your journals:
Rather than talking about many things that happened to you during the past week, pick one interesting even and write a paragraph about it. Here's an example from my "diary."

Loosing a leafy friend

Last Thursday something horrible happened that made me very sad and angry. The tree that grew outside of my bedroom window was cut down by three Hansung University employees. I still can’t believe it and I don’t know why they did it. The tree was healthy and beautiful. It lessened the ugliness of the view from my bedroom window and, in addition, it protected me against curious passers-by. All I can see now outside my window is a gaping entrance to a building on the right, a bare wall of another building to the left, and a few meters ahead, the busy and noisy road that leads up to the campus entrance. The worst is that I need to make sure my curtain is drawn at all times so that people cannot peek into my bedroom. The only pretty, natural green thing, my natural curtain, is gone now. When the workers loaded the last fallen leaf onto their truck, I sat down on my bed and cried for a long time, feeling like I had lost a friend.
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HOMEWORK: Write your regular 1/2 page book report, BUT instead of the regular journal entry, please finish the article about your partner. Make sure that you have three paragraphs with lots of details, as in example on page 28. The first paragraph: what does your partner do now (in 2016); the second paragraph, how did he or she get to be so successful; the third, what personal characteristics have helped your partner to become so successful. I want you to seperate the three paragraphs visuallly (as in the example article), so that the first line of each paragraph is indented (pushed in).